🏔️ Physical Geography

Explore Earth's landforms, processes, and natural systems through interactive simulations

🌍 Major Landforms

Click on each landform to learn about its formation and characteristics:

🏔️ Mountains

Formation: Tectonic plate collision, volcanic activity

Examples: Himalayas, Rockies, Andes

  • Fold mountains (compression)
  • Fault-block mountains (tension)
  • Volcanic mountains (eruption)
  • Dome mountains (uplift)

🏞️ Valleys

Formation: Erosion by water, ice, or tectonic activity

Examples: Grand Canyon, Nile Valley, Rhine Valley

  • River valleys (V-shaped)
  • Glacial valleys (U-shaped)
  • Rift valleys (tectonic)
  • Hanging valleys (glacial)

🌾 Plains

Formation: Sediment deposition, erosion leveling

Examples: Great Plains, Pampas, Siberian Plain

  • Coastal plains (marine sediments)
  • Interior plains (continental)
  • Flood plains (river deposits)
  • Abyssal plains (ocean floor)

🏜️ Plateaus

Formation: Uplift of large land areas

Examples: Colorado Plateau, Tibetan Plateau

  • Volcanic plateaus (lava flows)
  • Tectonic plateaus (crustal uplift)
  • Erosional plateaus (resistant rock)
  • Intermontane plateaus (between mountains)

Landform Details

Select a landform above to learn more about its formation and characteristics.

🌋 Landform Formation Simulator

Simulate different geological processes to see how landforms are created:

Select a geological process above to start simulation

🌡️ Climate Zones & Weather Patterns

Explore Earth's climate zones and understand how geography influences weather:

Climate Zone Information

Select a climate zone to learn about its characteristics.

⚡ Earth Processes

Learn about the dynamic processes that shape our planet:

🪨

Weathering

Breaking down of rocks through physical and chemical processes

🌊

Erosion

Movement of weathered material by water, wind, ice, or gravity

🏖️

Deposition

Laying down of sediments in new locations to form landforms

🌍

Plate Tectonics

Movement of Earth's crustal plates creating mountains and earthquakes

Earth Process Details

Click on a process above to learn more.

🗻 Earth's Structure Cross-Section

Explore the layers of Earth from surface to core. Click on each layer to learn more:

Atmosphere
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

Earth Layer Information

Click on a layer above to learn about its composition and characteristics.

🧠 Physical Geography Quiz

Question 1: Which type of mountain is formed by tectonic plate collision?

A) Fold mountains
B) Volcanic mountains
C) Dome mountains
D) Fault-block mountains